تنطلق اليوم.. محظورات الدعاية الانتخابية للمرشحين

بالتزامن مع بدء فترة الدعاية الانتخابية لمرشحي مجلس الشيوخ اليوم الجمعة ، الموافق 18 يوليو 2025، يتساءل ملايين المواطنين عن ضوابط و محظورات الدعاية الانتخابية.

في هذا الصدد،  نظم قانون تنظيم مباشرة الحقوق السياسية ضوابط الدعاية في الانتخابات، حيث نصادت المادة 23 من القانون على أن لكل مترشح الحق في إعداد وممارسة دعاية انتخابية لمخاطبة الناخبين لإقناعهم ببرنامجه الانتخابي، وذلك بكل الطرق التي يُجيزها القانون وفي إطار القواعد التي تضعها الهيئة الوطنية في هذا الشأن.

ويجوز للمترشح أن يُخطر الهيئة الوطنية باسم شخص يمثله لديها، يعهد إليه بمسئولية الإدارة الفعلية للدعاية الانتخابية.

كما حدد القانون ، مدة الدعاية الانتخابية، على أن تبدأ الدعاية الانتخابية من تاريخ إعلان القائمة النهائية للمترشحين حتى الساعة الثانية عشرة ظهراً من اليوم السابق على التاريخ المحدد للاقتراع.

وفي حالة انتخابات الإعادة تبدأ من اليوم التالي لإعلان نتيجة الاقتراع في الجولة الأولى وحتى الساعة الثانية عشرة ظهر اليوم السابق على التاريخ المحدد للاقتراع في انتخابات الإعادة، وتحظر الدعاية الانتخابية في غير هذه المواعيد بأية وسيلة من الوسائل.

ويبلغ الحد الأقصى للإنفاق على الدعاية، 500 ألف جنيه في النظام الفردي،بينما يكون الحد الأقصى للإنفاق في مرحلة الإعادة 200 ألف جنيه، ويضاعف الحدان المشار إليهما لكل خمسة عشر مترشحا تجمعهم قائمة واحدة.

و ألزم القانون كل مترشح بإمساك سجل منتظم وفقا لمعايير المحاسبة المصرية يدون به مصادر التمويل ومصاريف دعايته الانتخابية، وتتولى الجهة التي تكلفها الهيئة الوطنية مراجعة حسابات الدعاية الانتخابية للمترشحين وذلك تحت إشرافها، وتضع الهيئة الوطنية ضوابط وإجراءات إمساك وتقديم هذا السجل للمراجعة .

وأجاز القانون استخدام وسائل الإعلام الحكومية، حيث يكون للمترشح الحق في استخدام وسائل الإعلام المملوكة للدولة، وذلك في حدود المتاح فعلياً من الإمكانات؛ وتضع الهيئة الوطنية ضوابط وإجراءات ذلك، بما يحقق تكافؤ الفرص وعدم التمييز بين المترشحين.

وتجدر الإشارة إلى أن أصدرت الهيئة الوطنية للانتخابات،في وقت سابق، القرار رقم 17 لسنة 2025، بشأن ضوابط الدعاية الانتخابية في انتخابات مجلس الشيوخ، ومحظورات الدعاية.

ونصت المادة الأولى على أن لكل مترشح لعضوية مجلس الشيوخ سواء بالنظام الفردى أو القوائم، الحق في إعداد وممارسة دعاية انتخابية لمخاطبة الناخبين لإقناعهم ببرنامجه الانتخابي، وذلك عن طريق نشر وتوزيع مواد الدعاية الانتخابية، ووضع الملصقات واللافتات طبقاً للشروط والمدة التي تحددها جهة الإدارة المختصة.

و تبدأ الدعاية الانتخابية من تاريخ إعلان القائمة النهائية للمترشحين حتى الساعة الثانية عشر ظهراً من اليوم السابق على التاريخ المحدد للاقتراع .

وفي حالة انتخابات الإعادة تبدأ من اليوم التالي لإعلان نتيجة الاقتراع في الجولة الأولى، وحتى الساعة الثانية عشر من ظهر اليوم السابق على التاريخ المحدد للاقتراع في انتخابات الإعادة.

وتحظر الدعاية الانتخابية في غير هذه المواعيد بأي وسيلة من الوسائل.

محظورات الدعاية الانتخابية

طبقا لنص المادة 31 من قانون مباشرة الحقوق السياسية على أنه يجب الالتزام في الدعاية أثناء الانتخابات والاستفتاءات بأحكام الدستور والقانون والقرارات التي تصدرها اللجنة العليا، ويحظر بغرض الدعاية القيام بأي من الأعمال الآتية:

1- التعرض لحرمة الحياة الخاصة للمواطنين أو للمرشحين.

2- تهديد الوحدة الوطنية أو استخدام الشعارات الدينية أو الرموز التي تدعو للتمييز بين المواطنين بسبب الجنس أو اللغة أو العقيدة أو تحض على الكراهية.

3- استخدام العنف أو التهديد باستخدامه.

4- استخدام المباني والمنشآت ووسائل النقل المملوكة للدولة أو لشركات القطاع العام وقطاع الأعمال العام، والمؤسسات التي تساهم الدولة في مالها بنصيب، ودور الجمعيات والمؤسسات الأهلية.

5- استخدام المرافق العامة ودور العبادة والجامعات والمدارس والمدن الجامعية وغيرها من مؤسسات التعليم العامة والخاصة.

6- إنفاق الأموال العامة وأموال شركات القطاع العام أو قطاع الأعمال العام أو الجمعيات والمؤسسات الأهلية.

7- الكتابة باية وسيلة على جدران المباني الحكومية أو الخاصة.

8- تقديم هدايا أو تبرعات أو مساعدات نقدية أو عينية أو غير ذلك من المنافع أو الوعد بتقديمها سواء كان ذلك بصورة مباشرة أم غير مباشرة.

و يحظر على شاغلي المناصب السياسية وشاغلي وظائف الإدارة العليا في الدولة الاشتراك بأي صورة من الصور في الدعاية الانتخابية بقصد التأثير الإيجابي أو السلبى على نتيجة الانتخاب أو على نحو يخل بتكافؤ الفرص بين المترشحين.

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